What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?

The primary function of mitochondria is to produce energy through aerobic respiration. Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they convert the energy stored in food molecules into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency that cells use for various functions. This process involves the breakdown of glucose and other nutrients in the presence of oxygen to generate ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

The significance of energy production cannot be overstated as cells require ATP to drive a multitude of processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and biosynthetic reactions. Therefore, the ability of mitochondria to generate ATP makes them essential for the survival and proper functioning of eukaryotic cells.